Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Koch's bacillus). Co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and TB has reached a significant importance as a public health problem and this association has been recognized as the most significant event that changed "the balance between man and Koch's bacillus" in the last century, and has a large contribution to the risk for disease spreading. Tuberculosis has two main standard categories of clinical manifestations: primary and secondary. Primary TB is responsible for the initial infection with lungs being the involved organ. Oral lesions are observed as a secondary TB clinical manifestation with most frequent sites being hard and soft palate, tongue, lips, gums, tonsils, and salivary glands. A case of classical TB lesions in the oral cavity is reported, and the importance of a correct diagnosis through careful history taking is emphasized. Treatment selection needs to be done assertively, with great determination and building a link between patient and treatment protocol, in order to promote patient's adherence.

La tuberculosis (TB) es una enfermedad infecciosa contagiosa causada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacilo de Koch). La coinfección del Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) con TB son problemas de salud pública graves, además que esta asociación ha sido identificado como el evento más significativo que cambió "el equilibrio entre el hombre y el bacilo de Koch" en el último siglo y es crucial en el riesgo de propagación de la enfermedad. La tuberculosis se manifiesta en dos estándares: primaria y secundaria; el primario es responsable de la infección inicial y el órgano de elección es el pulmón. Las lesiones orales se observan a nivel secundario y los sitios más frecuentes son el paladar duro y blando, lengua, labios, encías, amígdalas y las glándulas salivales. Esta revisión presenta un caso con lesiones clásicas de tuberculosis en la cavidad bucal haciendo hincapié en la importancia de un correcto diagnóstico a través de la anamnesis. El tratamiento se debe hacer con la seguridad, la determinación y la formación de enlaces que facilitan la adherencia del paciente al tratamiento.

The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has caused a reduction in mortality, thus contributing to an increase in the number of women with HIVࢧAIDS who reach the climacteric period, experience decline in ovarian function, and develop complications of viral infection and HAART, which can accelerate bone loss. The aim of this study was to detect possible alterations in the jaws of HIV-infected women by panoramic radiography. The study comprised a total of 120 women above 40 years of age who were divided into the following two groups: women who are HIV positive (Group I) and women with no known HIV infection (Group II). Measurement of the following three radiomorphometric indexes was performed by panoramic radiography: Mental Index (MI), Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI) and Antegonial Depth (AD). A total of 70% of women in the control group and 50% of women in the HIV group were in the postmenopausal period, and the average values of both MI (p = 0.0054) and AD (p < 0.0001) for this period were lower in the HIV group than in the control group. For patients who were in the premenopausal period, the average AD was lower in the HIV group than in the control group (p = 0.0003). Despite the difference in the average age between groups, greater bone resorption in the mandible was found in the group of HIV-positive women.